◆ THE CANDIDATE RECORD
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FEC-recorded money between Second Amendment committees and this candidate, and recorded floor votes on gun bills, each with its official source. Community sentiment below never moves this grade.
This letter rests on a thin record. The grade math already pulls a light record toward the middle, but one action is still far less to go on than a full voting history. Read it as a first data point, not a settled verdict. Know of something sourced that belongs here? Add it to the record.
How advocacy groups on both sides score this candidate, reprinted as published. These are the groups’ judgments, not ours, and they never enter the grade above.
Gun Owners of America (GOA) is a non-profit lobbying organization formed in 1975 to preserve and defend the Second Amendment rights of gun owners. GOA sees firearms ownership as a freedom issue.
The group’s description of itself, reprinted as published.
The NRA Political Victory Fund (NRA-PVF) is NRA's political action committee. The NRA-PVF ranks political candidates - irrespective of party affiliation - based on voting records, public statements and their responses to an NRA-PVF questionnaire. NRA relies on a very simple premise: when provided with the facts, the nation's elected officials will recognize that "gun control" schemes are an infringement on the Second Amendment and a proven failure in fighting crime. The importance of this premise lies in the knowledge that, as one U.S. Congressman put it: "The gun lobby is people."
The group’s description of itself, reprinted as published.
To promote, protect and preserve hunting and the shooting sports. Formed in 1961, NSSF has a membership of more than 12,000 manufacturers, distributors, firearms retailers, shooting ranges, sportsmen's organizations and publishers.
The group’s description of itself, reprinted as published.
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Two questions are graded separately. The rating of a business from a customer’s perspective reflects how it treats gun owners who spend money there. The rating of a business from a supporter’s perspective reflects whether it actively defends the right. A business can score well in one area and poorly in the other.
Evidence ages. An old receipt says less about a company today, so it counts for less. A record too old or too thin to support a letter shows no grade rather than a guess.