◆ THE CANDIDATE RECORD
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BETABETABETAFEC-recorded money between Second Amendment committees and this candidate, and recorded floor votes on gun bills, each with its official source. Community sentiment below never moves this grade.
How advocacy groups on both sides score this candidate, reprinted as published. These are the groups’ judgments, not ours, and they never enter the grade above.
Gun Owners of America (GOA) is a non-profit lobbying organization formed in 1975 to preserve and defend the Second Amendment rights of gun owners. GOA sees firearms ownership as a freedom issue.
The group’s description of itself, reprinted as published.
We take the conservative policy visions outlined by our sister organization, The Heritage Foundation" (whose mission is: 'to formulate and promote conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong national defense.' ) " and make them a reality. We ensure members of Congress hear directly from their constituents.
The group’s description of itself, reprinted as published.
"The Michigan Coalition for Responsible Gun Owners is a non-profit, non-partisan organization. Formed from just eight people in 1996, we now have thousands of members and several local chapters across the state. We're growing larger and more effective every day. Our mission statement is: 'Promoting safe use and ownership of firearms through education, litigation, and legislation.' " The organization endorsed the following representatives in that year.
The group’s description of itself, reprinted as published.
The NRA Political Victory Fund (NRA-PVF) is NRA's political action committee. The NRA-PVF ranks political candidates - irrespective of party affiliation - based on voting records, public statements and their responses to an NRA-PVF questionnaire. NRA relies on a very simple premise: when provided with the facts, the nation's elected officials will recognize that "gun control" schemes are an infringement on the Second Amendment and a proven failure in fighting crime. The importance of this premise lies in the knowledge that, as one U.S. Congressman put it: "The gun lobby is people."
The group’s description of itself, reprinted as published.
The NRA Political Victory Fund (NRA-PVF) is NRA's political action committee. The NRA-PVF ranks political candidates - irrespective of party affiliation - based on voting records, public statements and their responses to an NRA-PVF questionnaire. [...] NRA relies on a very simple premise: when provided with the facts, the nation's elected officials will recognize that "gun control" schemes are an infringement on the Second Amendment and a proven failure in fighting crime. The importance of this premise lies in the knowledge that, as one U.S. Congressman put it: "The gun lobby is people.
The group’s description of itself, reprinted as published.
To promote, protect and preserve hunting and the shooting sports. Formed in 1961, NSSF has a membership of more than 12,000 manufacturers, distributors, firearms retailers, shooting ranges, sportsmen's organizations and publishers.
The group’s description of itself, reprinted as published.
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Two questions are graded separately. The rating of a business from a customer’s perspective reflects how it treats gun owners who spend money there. The rating of a business from a supporter’s perspective reflects whether it actively defends the right. A business can score well in one area and poorly in the other.
Evidence ages. An old receipt says less about a company today, so it counts for less. A record too old or too thin to support a letter shows no grade rather than a guess.
