◆ THE CANDIDATE RECORD
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FEC-recorded money between Second Amendment committees and this candidate, and recorded floor votes on gun bills, each with its official source. Community sentiment below never moves this grade.
How advocacy groups on both sides score this candidate, reprinted as published. These are the groups’ judgments, not ours, and they never enter the grade above.
Gun Owners of America (GOA) is a non-profit lobbying organization formed in 1975 to preserve and defend the Second Amendment rights of gun owners. GOA sees firearms ownership as a freedom issue.
The group’s description of itself, reprinted as published.
To promote, protect and preserve hunting and the shooting sports. Formed in 1961, NSSF has a membership of more than 12,000 manufacturers, distributors, firearms retailers, shooting ranges, sportsmen's organizations and publishers.
The group’s description of itself, reprinted as published.
Reviews build community sentiment as readers weigh in on where this candidate stands.
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Two questions are graded separately. The rating of a business from a customer’s perspective reflects how it treats gun owners who spend money there. The rating of a business from a supporter’s perspective reflects whether it actively defends the right. A business can score well in one area and poorly in the other.
Evidence ages. An old receipt says less about a company today, so it counts for less. A record too old or too thin to support a letter shows no grade rather than a guess.